Cold (common cold) widespread and mild infection
Cold (common cold) widespread and mild infection of the upper respiratory tract caused by a virus.
There is inflammation of the mucous membranes and symptoms include feverish-ness, coughing, sneezing, runny nose, sore throat, headache, and sometimes face ache due to catarrh in the sinuses.
The disease is spread by coughing and sneezing and treatment is by means of bed rest and the taking of mild analgesics.
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Constipation the condition in which the bowels are opened too infrequently and the feces become dry, hard, and difficult and painful to pass.
The frequency of normal bowel opening varies between people but when constipation becomes a problem, it is usually a result of inattention to this habit or to the diet.
To correct the condition a change of lifestyle may be needed including taking more exercise, fluid, and roughage in the diet, laxatives, and enemas are also used to alleviate the condition.
Constipation is also a symptom of the more serious condition of blockage of the bowel (by a tumor), but this is less common.
Convulsions also known as fits, are involuntary, alternate, rapid, muscular contractions and relaxations throwing the body and limbs into contortions.
They are caused by a disturbance of brain function and in adults usually result from epilepsy.
In babies and young children they occur quite commonly but, although alarming, are generally not serious.
Causes include a high fever due to infection, brain diseases such as meningitis, and breath-holding, which is quite common in infants and very young children.
Convulsions are thought to be more common in the very young because the nervous system is immature.
Unless they are caused by the presence of disease or infection that requires to be treated, they are rarely life-threatening.
Cramp prolonged and painful spasmodic muscular contraction that often occurs in the limbs but can affect certain internal organs.
The cramp may result from a salt imbalance as in the heat cramp.
Working in high temperatures causes excessive sweating and consequent loss of salt.
It can be corrected and prevented by an increase in salt intake.
Occupational cramp results from continual repetitive use of particular muscles, e.g. writer's cramp.
Night cramp occurs during sleep and is especially common among elderly people, diabetics, and pregnant women.
The cause is not known.
Croup a group of diseases characterized by a swelling, partial obstruction, and inflammation of the entrance to the larynx, occurring in young children.
The breathing is harsh and strained to produce a typical crowing sound, accompanied by coughing and feverishness.
Diphtheria used to be the most common cause of croup but it now usually results from a viral infection of the respiratory tract (laryngotracheobronchitis).
The condition is relieved by inhaling steam and also by mild sedatives and/or pain killers.
Rarely, the obstruction becomes dangerous and completely blocks the larynx in which case emergency tracheostomy or nasotracheal intubation may be required.
Usually, the symptoms of croup subside, and the child recovers, but then he or she may have a tendency towards attacks on future occasions.
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